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a)\(PTHH:Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=\frac{2,688}{22,4}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO^{ }_4}=\frac{1}{2}n_{H_2}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{muối}=m_{KL}+m_{SO_4}=6,44+0,06.96=12,2\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\frac{0,12.98}{9,8\%}=120\left(g\right)\)
Đặt nAl=a(mol); nFe=b(mol) (a,b>0)
Ta có: nH2=8,96/22,4=0,4(mol)
PTHH: 2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
a_________3a____a____1,5a(mol)
Fe +2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
b__2b____b____b(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=16,7\\1,5a+b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mAl= 0,1.27=2,7(g) =>%mAl= (2,7/16,7).100=16,17%
=> CHỌN B
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\) (2)
a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)=n_{Mg}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=1\cdot24=24\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24}{32}\cdot100\%=75\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{MgO}=25\%\)
b) Theo 2 PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Mg}=2mol\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2n_{MgO}=2\cdot\dfrac{32-24}{40}=0,4mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=2,4mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{2,4\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=1200\left(g\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(\Sigma n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Sigma n_{HCl}=1,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma m_{MgCl_2}=1,2\cdot95=114\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=1\cdot2=2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=1230\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{114}{1230}\cdot100\%\approx9,27\%\)
Bài 1:
n H2=5.6/22.4=0.25(mol)
Zn + H2SO4 
ZnSO4 + H2
0.25 0.25
m Zn=0.25*65=16.25(g)
m hh=16.25+6.25=22.5(g)
% Zn=16.25/22.5*100%=72.22%
% Ag=100%-72.22%=27.78%
Bài 2:
-
nH2 = 6,72/22,4 = 0,3 mol
gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Mg và Zn tham gia phản ứng.
Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2
x 2x x
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
y 2y y
Ta có phương trình
x + y = 0,3
24x + 56y = 15,3
=> x = 0,102 ; y = 0.198
m Mg = 0,102.24 = 2,448 g
m Zn = 0,198.65 = 12.87 g
n HCl = 2.0,102+2.0,198 = 0,6 mol
V HCl = 0,6/1 = 0,6 lít.Bài 3:
TN1
n H2=3.36/22.4=0.15(mol)
Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2
0.15 0.15
TN2
n H2 = 6.72/22.4=0.3(mol)
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
0.2 0.3
TN3
n H2=8.96/22.4=0.4(mol)
Ba + 2HCl BaCl2 + H2
0.15 0.15
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0.2 0.2
Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2
0.05 0.05
m Ba=0.15*137=20.55(g)
m Al=0.2*27=5.4(g)
m Mg=0.05*24=1.2(g)
m=20.55+5.4+1.2=27.15
%Ba=20.55/27.15*100%=75.69%
%Al=5.4/27.15*100%=19.89%
%Mg=100%-75.69%-19.89%=4.42%
nH2 = \(\frac{1,68}{22,4}\) = 0,075 (mol)
Mg + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) MgCl2 + H2\(\uparrow\) (1)
0,075 <--------0,075 <--0,075 (mol)
MgO + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) MgCl2 + H2O (2)
%mMg= \(\frac{0,075.24}{5,8}\) . 100% = 31,03 %
%m MgO = 68,97%
nMgO = \(\frac{5,8-0,075.24}{40}\) = 0,1 (mol)
Theo pt(2) nMgCl2 = nMgO= 0,1 (mol)
mdd sau pư = 5,8 + 194,35 - 0,075.2 = 200 (g)
C%(MgCl2) = \(\frac{95\left(0,075+0,1\right)}{200}\) . 100% = 8,3125%
a,\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Mol: x x
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
Mol: y y
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+56y=30,7\\x+y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,3.65.100\%}{30,7}=63,52\%;\%m_{Fe}=100\%-63,52\%=36,48\%\)
b,
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,3 0,6
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,4
nHCl = 0,6+0,4 = 1 (mol)
\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(l\right)=500\left(ml\right)\)
Zn+2HCl->ZnCl2+H2
0,4----0,8--------------0,4
nH2=8,96\22,4=0,4 mol
=>mZn=0,4.65=26g
=>%mZn=26\54,35.100=47,8%
=>%mZnO=100-47,8=52,2%
=>mZnO=54,35-26=28,35=>nZnO=0,35 mol
ZnO+HCl->ZnCl2+H2O
0,35---0,35
=>mHCl=(0,35+0,8).36,5=41,975 g
=>mdd HCl=383,3g