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nMg = 0,0975
nFe(NO3)3 = 0,03
Dung dịch Y gồm Mg(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2
Mg + 2Fe3+ Mg2+ + 2Fe2+
0,015 0,03 0,015
Mg + Cu2+ Mg2+ + Cu
x x x →x
m chất rắn tăng = -24 . 0,015 + (64-24).x = 3,78 - 2,34
=> x = 0,045
Dung dịch Y gồm Mg(NO3)2: 0,015 + x = 0,06; Fe(NO3)2: 0,03; Cu(NO3)2: y
Kết tủa Mg(OH)2: 0,06; Fe(OH)2:0,03; Cu(OH)2:y
mkết tủa = 0,06 . 58 + 0,03 . 90 + 98 . y = 8,63
=> y = 0,025
=> nCu(NO3)2 = 0,045 + 0,025 = 0,07
=> CM = 0,28
a)2NaOH+H2SO4→Na2SO4+2H2O(1)
Cu(NO3)2+2NaOH→Cu(OH)2+2NaNO3(2)
Cu(OH)2→CuO+H2O(3)
nCuO=\(\dfrac{1,6}{80}\)=0,02mol
mddNaOH=31,25×1,12=35g
nNaOH=35×16%40=0,14mol
nNaOH(2)=0,02×2=0,04mol
⇒nNaOH(1)=0,14−0,04=0,1mol
nH2SO4=0,12=0,05mol
CM(H2SO4)=\(\dfrac{0,05}{0,05}\)=1M
CM(Cu(NO3)2)=\(\dfrac{0,02}{0,05}\)=0,4M
b)nCu=\(\dfrac{2,4}{64}\)=0,0375mol
nH+=2nH2SO4=0,1mol
nNO3−=2nCu(NO3)2=0,04mol
Cu+4H++NO3−→Cu2++NO+2H2O
\(\dfrac{0,04}{1}\)>\(\dfrac{0,03751}{1}\)>\(\dfrac{0,1}{4}\)⇒ Tính theo ion H+nNO=0,14=0,025mol
⇒VNO=0,025×22,4=0,56l
mdd NaOH = 62,5.1,12 = 70 (g)
=> \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{70.16\%}{40}=0,28\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=aM\\C_{M\left(Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2\right)}=bM\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2}=0,1b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: 2NaOH + H2SO4 --> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,2a<----0,1a
2NaOH + Cu(NO3)2 --> Cu(OH)2 + 2NaNO3
0,2b<-----0,1b--------->0,1b
Cu(OH)2 --to--> CuO + H2O
0,1b------------>0,1b
=> \(0,1b=\dfrac{1,6}{80}=0,02\)
=> b = 0,2
Có: nNaOH = 0,2a + 0,2b = 0,28
=> a = 1,2
Vậy \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=1,2M\\C_{M\left(Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2\right)}=0,2M\end{matrix}\right.\)
1) \(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,78}{78}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6NaOH\rightarrow3Na_2SO_4+2Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
0,03<----------------------0,01
=> nNaOH min = 0,03 (mol)
=> \(C_{M\left(NaOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,03}{0,2}=0,15M\)
2) \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{5,1}{102}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,3.0,25=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(6NaOH+Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\rightarrow3Na_2SO_4+2Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
0,45<------0,075-------------------------->0,15
\(NaOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)
0,05<----0,05
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{t^o}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)
0,1<-------0,05
=> nNaOH max = 0,5 (mol)
=> \(V_{dd}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)=250\left(ml\right)\)
3)
\(n_{KOH\left(1\right)}=0,15.1,2=0,18\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{4,68}{78}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{AlCl_3}=0,1.x\left(mol\right)\)
Do khi cho KOH tác dụng với dd Y xuất hiện kết tủa
=> Trong Y chứa AlCl3 dư
PTHH: \(3KOH+AlCl_3\rightarrow3KCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
0,18---->0,06----------------->0,06
\(n_{KOH\left(2\right)}=0,175.1,2=0,21\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{2,34}{78}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(3KOH+AlCl_3\rightarrow3KCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
(0,3x-0,18)<--(0,1x-0,06)------->(0,1x-0,06)
\(KOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow KAlO_2+2H_2O\)
(0,1x-0,09)<-(0,1x-0,09)
=> \(\left(0,3x-0,18\right)+\left(0,1x-0,09\right)=0,21\)
=> x = 1,2
\(n_{CuCl_2}=0,3.0,5=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CuCl_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,15.98=14,7\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=2n_{CuCl_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,25}=1,2\left(M\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2}=0,2.1,5=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_{2\downarrow}+2NaNO_3\)
_______0,3_______0,6_______0,3_________0,6 (mol)
a, mCu(OH)2 = 0,3.98 = 29,4 (g)
b, \(V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(l\right)\)
c, \(C_{M_{NaNO_3}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2+0,3}=1,2M\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
a) \(n_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2}=1,5.0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
\(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=29,4\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(l\right)\)
c) \(CM_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,3.2}{0,2+0,3}=1,2M\)