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Câu 1:
\(m_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{C\%\cdot m_{d^2}}{100}=\dfrac{16,96\cdot100}{100}=16,96\left(g\right)\\ m_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{C\%\cdot m_{d^2}}{100}=\dfrac{10,4\cdot200}{100}=20,8\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{16,96}{106}=0,16\left(mol\right)\\ n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{20,8}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{BaCO_3}=n\cdot M=0,1\cdot197=19,7\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{d^2\text{ }sau\text{ }pứ}=\left(m_{d^2\text{ }Na_2CO_3}+m_{d^2\text{ }BaCl_2}\right)-m_{BaCO_3}\\ =\left(100+200\right)-19,7=280,3\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Na_2CO_3\left(dư\right)}=n\cdot M=0,06\cdot106=6,36\left(g\right)\\ m_{NaCl}=n\cdot M=0,2\cdot58,5=11,7\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%\left(Na_2CO_3\left(dư\right)\right)=\dfrac{m_{ct}}{m_{d^2}}\cdot100=\dfrac{6,36}{280,3}\cdot100=2,27\%\\ C\%\left(NaCl\right)=\dfrac{m_{ct}}{m_{d^2}}\cdot100=\dfrac{11,7}{280,3}\cdot100=4,17\%\)
Câu 2:
\(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{C\%\cdot m_{d^2}}{100}=\dfrac{150\cdot2,65}{100}=3,975\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{3,975}{36,5}=0,11\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,11}{2}=0,054\left(M\right)\)
Câu 3:
\(n_{NaOH}=C_M\cdot V=2\cdot1=2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{d^2\text{ }NaOH}=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{2}{0,1}=20\left(l\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2O}=20-2=18\left(l\right)\)
mNa2CO3 = \(\frac{315.15\%}{100\%}\)=47,25 g
=> nNa2CO3= \(\frac{47,25}{106}\)=0,446 mol
Ta có : nNa2CO3 = nNa2CO3.10H2O = nH2O = 0,446 mol
Khối lượng tinh thể là :
a. PTHH: Na2CO3 + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) 2NaCl + H2O +CO2
Ta có : nNa2CO3 = \(\frac{200.10,6}{100.106}\) = 0,2 mol
nHCl = \(\frac{400.14,6}{100.36,5}\) = 1,6 mol
Tỉ số: \(\frac{0,2}{1}\) < \(\frac{1,6}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Na2CO3 hết. HCl dư
THeo ptr: nCO2 = nNa2CO3 = 0,2 mol
\(\Rightarrow\) VCO2 = 0,2 . 22,4 = 4,48(l)
b. Dung dịch A gồm NaCl và HCl (dư)
Theo pt: nNaCl = 2.nNa2CO3= 2.0,2=0,4 mol
\(\Rightarrow\) mNaCl = 0,4.58,5= 23,4 g
mCO2 = 0,2 . 44= 8,8 (g)
Ta có : mdd A= mdd Na2Co3 + mdd HCl - m CO2
= 200 + 400 - 8,8 = 591,2(g)
\(\Rightarrow\) C%dd NaCl = \(\frac{23,4}{591,2}.100\) = 4%
Theo pt: nHCl ( p.ứ) = 2. nNa2CO3 = 2. 0,2 = 0,4 mol
\(\Rightarrow\) nHCl (dư) = 1,6 - 0,4 =1,2 mol
\(\Rightarrow\) mHCl ( dư) = 1,2 . 36,5 = 43,8(g)
C%dd HCl (dư)= \(\frac{43,8}{591,2}.100\) = 7,41 %
2 mct trong dd ban đầu = 700*12/100 = 84(g)
mct trong dd bão hoà = 84-5 = 79(g)
mdd bão hoà = 700-300-5 = 395 (g)
=> C% = 79*100/395 = 20%
Sửa đề cho dễ làm: "200g dd HCl 3,65%"
Ta có: \(n_{Na_2CO_3.10H_2O}=\dfrac{14,3}{106+10\cdot18}=0,05\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200\cdot3,65\%}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Na2CO3 p/ứ hết, HCl còn dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaCl}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=0,1\cdot58,5=5,85\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1\cdot36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(n_{CO_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=0,05\cdot44=2,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{Na_2CO_3.10H_2O}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{CO_2}=212,1\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{5,85}{212,1}\cdot100\%\approx2,76\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3,65}{212,1}\cdot100\%\approx1,72\%\end{matrix}\right.\)