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Câu 1:
Gọi số mol Al là x; Zn là y
\(\rightarrow27x+65y=18,4\)
\(Al+3HCl\rightarrow AlCl_3+\frac{3}{2}H_2\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(\rightarrow n_{H2}=1,5n_{Al}+n_{Zn}=1,5x+y=\frac{1}{2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Giải được: \(x=y=0,2\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=27x=5,4\left(g\right)\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\frac{5,4}{18,4}=29,3\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=70,7\%\)Câu 2:
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(FeO+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H2}=n_{Fe}=\frac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Muối thu được là FeCl2
\(\rightarrow n_{FeCl2}=\frac{38,1}{56+35,5.2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{FeCl2}=n_{Fe}+n_{FeO}\rightarrow n_{FeO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right);m_{FeO}=0,2.\left(56+16\right)=14,4\left(g\right)\)
Câu 3 :
Cu không tác dụng với HCl, chỉ có Zn phản ứng.
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H2}=\frac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo phản ứng: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=\frac{13}{20}=65\%\rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=35\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H2}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\frac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
Câu 4:
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(Al+3HCl\rightarrow AlCl_3+\frac{3}{2}H_2\)
Gọi số mol Fe là x; Al là y
\(\rightarrow56x+27y=22\)
Ta có: \(n_{H2}=n_{Fe}=1,5n_{Al}=x+1,5y=\frac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
Giải được: \(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\frac{11,2}{22}=50,9\%\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=49,1\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H2}=1,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{HCl}=1,6.36,5=58,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=\frac{58,4}{7,3\%}=800\left(g\right)\)
Câu 5:
Gọi chung 2 kim loại là R hóa trị I
\(R+HCl\rightarrow RCl+\frac{1}{2}H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H2}=\frac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\rightarrow n_{RCl}=2n_{H2}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{RCl}=0,04.\left(R+35,5\right)=2,58\rightarrow R=29\)
Vì 2 kim loại liên tiếp nhau \(\rightarrow\) 2 kim loại là Na x mol và K y mol
\(\rightarrow x+y=n_{RCl}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=m_R=23x+39y=0,04.29=1,16\left(g\right)\)
Giải được: \(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,025\\y=0,015\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Na}=0,575\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Na}=\frac{0,575}{1,16}=49,57\%\rightarrow\%m_K=50,43\%\)
Câu 6:
Khối lượng mỗi phần là 35/2=17,5g
Gọi số mol Fe, Cu, Al là a, b, c
Ta có \(56a+64b=27c=17,5\)
Phần 1: \(n_{H2}=\frac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(\Rightarrow a=1,5b=n_{H2}=0,3\)
Phần 2: \(n_{Cl2}=\frac{10,64}{22,4}=0,475\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow2FeCl_3\)
\(Cu+Cl_2\rightarrow CuCl_2\)
\(2Al+3Cl_2\rightarrow2AlCl_3\)
\(\Rightarrow1,5a+b+1,5c=n_{Cl2}=0,465\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,15\\b=0,1\\c=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\frac{0,15.56}{17,5}=48\%\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=\frac{0,1.64}{17,5}=36,57\%\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=100\%-48\%-36,57\%=15,43\%\)
Câu 1
2Al+6HCl--->2Alcl3+3H2
x-----------------------1,5x
Zn+2HCl---->Zncl2+H2
y---------------------------y
n H2=1/2=0,5(mol)
Theo bài ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+65y=18,4\\1,5x+y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
%m Al=0,2.27/18,4.100%=29,35%
%m Zn=100%-29,35=70,65%
Câu 2.
Fe+2HCl---->FeCl2+H2
FeO+2HCl--->FeCl2+H2
n H2=2,24/22,4=0,1(mol)
m H2=0,2(g)
n Fe=n H2=0,2(mol)
m Fe=0,2.56=11,2(g)
n FeCl2(1)=2n H2=0,2(mol)
m FeCl2(1)=0,2.127=25,4(g)
m FeCl2(PT2)=38,1-25,4=12,7(g)
n FeCl2=12,7/127=0,1(mol)
n FeO=n FeCl2=0,1(mol)
m FeO=0,1.72=7,2(g)
3.
Zn+2HCl--->ZnCl2+H2
n H2=4,48/22,4=0,2(mol)
n Zn=n H2=0,2(mol)
m Zn=0,2.56=11,2(g)
%m Zn=11,2/20.100%=56%
%m Cu=100-56=34%
b) n HCl=2n H2=0,4(mol)
V H2=0,4/2=0,2(l)
4.
a) Fe+2HCl---.FeCl2+H2
x-----------------------------x(mol)
2Al+6HCl--->AlCl3+3H2
y------------------------------1,5y
n H2=17,92/22,4=0,89mol)
Theo bài ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=22\\x+1,5y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
%m Fe=0,2.56/22.100%=50,9%
%m Al=100-50,9=49,1%
b) n HCl=2n H2=1,6(mol)
m HCl=1,6.36,5=58,4(g)
m dd HCl=58,4.100/7,3=800(g)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
0,2<----------------0,2<---0,2
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,2.65}{16,2}.100\%=80,247\%\\\%m_{Cu}=100\%-80,247\%=19,753\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(m_{ZnSO_4}=0,2.161=32,2\left(g\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) => 65a + 56b + 27c = 10,65 (1)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
=> \(n_{H_2}=a+b+1,5c=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225\left(mol\right)\) (2)
PTHH: Zn + Cl2 --to--> ZnCl2
2Fe + 3Cl2 --to--> 2FeCl3
2Al + 3Cl2 --to--> 2AlCl3
=> \(n_{Cl_2}=a+1,5b+1,5c=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\) (3)
(1)(2)(3) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,05\left(mol\right)\\c=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,05.56=2,8\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,05.27=1,35\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{10,65}.100\%=61,033\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,8}{10,65}.100\%=26,291\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{1,35}{10,65}.100\%=12,676\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) nHCl = 2a + 2b + 3c = 0,45 (mol)
=> mHCl = 0,45.36,5 = 16,425 (g)
=> \(a\%=C\%=\dfrac{16,425}{200}.100\%=8,2125\%\)
c) mdd sau pư = 10,65 + 200 - 0,225.2 = 210,2 (g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.136}{210,2}.100\%=6,47\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,05.127}{210,2}.100\%=3,02\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,05.133,5}{210,2}.100\%=3,176\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\\n_{Zn}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
x x ( mol )
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+65y=21,4\\x+y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13g\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{21,4}.100=39,25\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-39,25\%=60,75\%\)
\(m_{FeCl_2}=0,15.127=19,05g\)
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2g\)
a, Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 56x + 65y = 12,1 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Các quá trình:
\(Fe^0\rightarrow Fe^{+2}+2e\)
x___________ 2x (mol)
\(Zn^0\rightarrow Zn^{+2}+2e\)
y____________ 2y (mol)
\(2H^++2e\rightarrow H_2^0\)
______0,4___0,2 (mol)
Theo ĐLBT mol e, có: 2x + 2y = 0,4 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{12,1}.100\%\approx46,3\%\\\%m_{Zn}\approx53,7\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, BTNT Fe và Zn, có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ m muối = mFeCl2 + mZnCl2 = 0,1.127 + 0,1.136 = 26,3 (g)
c, BTNT H, có: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,5}=0,8\left(M\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!