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Bài 6:
a) \(n_{O_2\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{2,88}{24}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{O_2\left(PTHH\right)}=\dfrac{0,12.100}{80}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 --to--> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
0,3<--------------------------------0,15
=> \(m_{KMnO_4}=0,3.158=47,4\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{2,45}{122,5}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{O_2\left(tt\right)}=8.0,072=0,576\left(l\right)\)
=> \(n_{O_2\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{0,576}{24}=0,024\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KClO3 --to--> 2KCl + 3O2
0,02---------------->0,03
=> nO2(hao hụt) = 0,03 - 0,024 = 0,006 (mol)
=> %O2 bị hao hụt = \(\dfrac{0,006}{0,03}.100\%=20\%\)
\(1,2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2MgO\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CuO\)
\(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(2,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(a,n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_C=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=13,2\left(g\right)\)
c, Vì\(\frac{0,3}{1}>\frac{0,2}{1}\)nên C phản ửng dư, O2 phản ứng hết, Bài toán tính theo O2
\(n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(3,PTHH:CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(C_2H_2+\frac{5}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+H_2O\)
\(C_2H_6O+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+3H_2O\)
\(4,a,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_P=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=38,4\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_C=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(n_{Al}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=60\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(TH_1:\left(đktc\right)n_{H_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=24\left(g\right)\)
\(TH_2:\left(đkt\right)n_{H_2}=1,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=22,4\left(g\right)\)
\(5,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=0,46875\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Vì\(0,46875>0,3\left(n_{O_2}>n_{SO_2}\right)\)nên S phản ứng hết, bài toán tính theo S.
\(a,\Rightarrow n_S=n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=9,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,16875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(6,a,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_C=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_C=18\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=1,5\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_S=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=48\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_P=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_P=37,2\left(g\right)\)
\(7,n_{O_2}=5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=112\left(l\right)\left(đktc\right)\);\(V_{O_2}=120\left(l\right)\left(đkt\right)\)
\(8,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(m_C=0,96\left(kg\right)\Rightarrow n_C=0,08\left(kmol\right)=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=1792\left(l\right)\)
\(9,n_p=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
Vì\(\frac{0,2}{4}< \frac{0,3}{5}\)nên P hết O2 dư, bài toán tính theo P.
\(a,n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=1,6\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_{P_2O_5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=14,2\left(g\right)\)
144cm^3 = 0,114 l
Số lượng oxi cần đun:
\(V_{O_2}=\frac{0,144}{40\%}=0,36\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\frac{V_{O_2}}{22,4}=\frac{0,36}{22,4}=0,016\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
\(0,032\) \(0,016\) \(0,016\) \(0,016\) \(\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{KMnO_4}=n_{KMnO_4}.M_{KMnO_4}=0,032.158=5,056\left(g\right)\)
nO2= \(\frac{0,144}{22,4}\)=\(\frac{9}{1400}\) mol
Vì O2 thu đc chỉ chiếm 60% lượng tạo thành nên thực tế đã tạo ra 3/280 mol O2
2KMnO4 \(\underrightarrow{^{to}}\) K2MnO4+ MnO2+ O2
\(\rightarrow\) nKMnO4=\(\frac{3}{140}\)mol
\(\rightarrow\)mKMnO4= 3,39g
nFe = 16.8/56 = 0.3 (mol)
nO2 = 6.72/22.4 = 0.3 (mol)
2Fe + 3O2 -to-> Fe3O4
0.2___0.3________0.1
mFe dư = ( 0.3 - 0.2 ) * 56 = 5.6 (g)
mFe3O4 = 0.1*232 = 23.2 (g)
a)
3Fe+2O2→Fe3O4
b)
nFe=16,8/56=0,3mol
nO2=6,72/22,4=0,3mol
Ta có: 0,3/3<0,3/2=> O2 dư tính theo Fe
nFe3O4=0,3/3=0,1
mFe3O4=0,1.232=23,2g
$a) CH_4 + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} CO_2 + 2H_2O$
b) $n_{CH_4} = \dfrac{3,92}{22,4} = 0,175(mol)$
$n_{O_2} = \dfrac{3,84}{32} = 0,12(mol)$
Ta thấy : $n_{CH_4} : 1 > n_{O_2} : 2$ nên $CH_4$ dư
$n_{CH_4\ pư} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{O_2} = 0,06(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{CH_4\ dư} = (0,175 - 0,06).16 = 1,84(gam)$
c) $2NaOH + CO_2 \to Na_2CO_3 + H_2O$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{Na_2CO_3} = n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{CH_4} = 0,06(mol)$
$m_{Na_2CO_3} = 0,06.106 = 6,36(gam)$
PTHH: \(Cu_2S+2O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2CuO+SO_2\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{Cu_2S}=\dfrac{100}{160}=0,625\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(lýthuyết\right)}=1,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(thực\right)}=\dfrac{1,25\cdot22,4}{96\%}\approx29,17\left(l\right)\)
b) Sửa đề: "Tính khối lượng KMnO4 để hấp thụ hết SO2"
PTHH: \(5SO_2+2KMnO_4+2H_2O\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2MnSO_4+2H_2SO_4\)
Ta có: \(n_{SO_2\left(thực\right)}=n_{Cu_2S}\cdot96\%=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{KMnO_4}=0,24\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=0,24\cdot158=37,92\left(g\right)\)
c) PTHH: \(SO_2+\dfrac{1}{2}O_2\xrightarrow[V_2O_5]{t^o}SO_3\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{kk}=\dfrac{0,3\cdot22,4}{21\%}=32\left(l\right)\)
d) Bảo toàn nguyên tố Lưu huỳnh: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(lýthuyết\right)}=n_{SO_2\left(thực\right)}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(thực\right)}=0,3\cdot85\%=0,255\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,255\cdot98}{10\%}=249,9\left(g\right)\)
Câu 1)
a) 2HgO\(-t^0\rightarrow2Hg+O_2\)
b)Theo gt: \(n_{HgO}=\frac{2,17}{96}\approx0,023\left(mol\right)\\ \)
theo PTHH : \(n_{O2}=\frac{1}{2}n_{HgO}=\frac{1}{2}\cdot0,023=0,0115\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O2}=0,0115\cdot32=0,368\left(g\right)\)
c)theo gt:\(n_{HgO}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
theo PTHH : \(n_{Hg}=n_{HgO}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Hg}=0,5\cdot80=40\left(g\right)\)
Câu 2)
a)PTHH : \(S+O_2-t^0\rightarrow SO_2\)
b)theo gt: \(n_{SO2}=\frac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
theo PTHH \(n_S=n_{SO2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_S=0,1\cdot32=3,2\left(g\right)\)
Ta có khối lượng S tham gia là 3,25 g , khối lượng S phản ứng là 3,2 g
Độ tinh khiết của mẫu lưu huỳnh là \(\frac{3,2}{3,25}\cdot100\%\approx98,4\%\)
c)the PTHH \(n_{O2}=n_{SO2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O2}=0,1\cdot32=3,2\left(g\right)\)
Câu 2:
\(4Al+3O2-->2Al2O3\)
a)\(n_{Al}=\frac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
n\(_{O2}=\frac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al}\left(\frac{0,2}{4}\right)< nO2\left(\frac{0,3}{3}\right)\Rightarrow O2dư\)
n\(_{O2}=\frac{3}{4}n_{Al}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O2}dư=0,3-0,15=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
m\(_{O2}dư=0,15.32=4,8\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{Al2O3}=\frac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Al2O3}=0,15.102=15,3\left(g\right)\)