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\(D=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{2}{4^2}+\frac{3}{4^3}+\frac{4}{4^4}+...+\frac{2018}{4^{2018}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4D=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+\frac{4}{4^3}+...+\frac{2018}{4^{2017}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4D-D=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+\frac{4}{4^3}+...+\frac{2018}{4^{2017}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}\)
\(-\frac{1}{4}-\frac{2}{4^2}-\frac{3}{4^3}-\frac{4}{4^4}-...-\frac{2018}{4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3D=1+\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\right)-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
Đặt \(M=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+\frac{1}{4^4}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4M=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2017}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4M-M=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2017}}\)
\(-\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4^2}-\frac{1}{4^3}-\frac{1}{4^4}-...-\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3M=1-\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3D=1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3D=\frac{4}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}< \frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow D< \frac{4}{9}=\frac{40}{90}< \frac{45}{90}=\frac{1}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{25}+...+\frac{1}{2018^2+2019^2}\)
\(2A=\frac{2}{1^2+2^2}+\frac{2}{2^2+3^2}+\frac{2}{3^2+4^2}+...+\frac{2}{2018^2+2019^2}\)
Có \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\) ( Cosi cho 2 số dương )
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b\)
Mà 1;2;3;4;...;2019 là những số khác nhau nên dấu "=" không xảy ra
\(\Rightarrow\)\(2A< \frac{2}{2\left(1.2\right)}+\frac{2}{2\left(2.3\right)}+\frac{2}{2\left(3.4\right)}+...+\frac{2}{2\left(2018.2019\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{2018.2019}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2018}-\frac{1}{2019}=1-\frac{1}{2019}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(2A< 1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(A< \frac{1}{2}\) ( đpcm )
...
\(C=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
=> \(3C=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)
=> \(2C=1-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
=> \(C=\frac{1-\frac{1}{3^{99}}}{2}\)
Vì\(1-\frac{1}{3^{99}}< 1\Rightarrow\frac{1-\frac{1}{3^{99}}}{2}< \frac{1}{2}\)
\(S=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2017}+\frac{1}{2018}-2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2018}\right)\)
\(S=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2018}-2.\frac{1}{2}\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{1009}\right)\)
\(S=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2018}-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{1009}\right)\)
\(S=\frac{1}{1010}+\frac{1}{1011}+...+\frac{1}{2018}=P-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(S-P\right)^{2018}=\left(P-1-P\right)^{2018}=\left(-1\right)^{2018}=1\)
Có \(a\left(b+1\right)< b\left(a+1\right)\Leftrightarrow ab+a< ab+b\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
Áp dụng \(\frac{2^{2018}}{3^{2019}}< \frac{2^{2018}+1}{3^{2019}+1}\)
Ta có:
\(1-\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b-a}{b}\)
\(1-\frac{a+1}{b+1}=\frac{b+1-a-1}{b+1}=\frac{b-a}{b+1}\)
Vì b < b + 1 và a < b; a, b nguyên dương => b - a > 0 nên \(\frac{b-a}{b}>\frac{b-a}{b+1}\)
Do đó \(1-\frac{a}{b}>1-\frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
Áp dụng chứng minh tương tự nhé bạn
CTv mà cũng đi hỏi ak :v
Nguyễn Văn Anh Kiệt
CTV thì vẫn đc hỏi!! Chỉ những thằng não ngắn mới nghĩ như vậy~~
ko lm đc thì ra chỗ khác cho ng` giỏi làm =))