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Lời giải:
Yêu cầu 1:
\(\frac{5+3\sqrt{5}}{\sqrt{5}}+\frac{3+\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}+1}-(\sqrt{5}+3)=\frac{\sqrt{5}(\sqrt{5}+3)}{\sqrt{5}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}(\sqrt{3}+1)}{\sqrt{3}+1}-(\sqrt{5}+3)\)
\(=\sqrt{5}+3+\sqrt{3}-(\sqrt{5}+3)=\sqrt{3}\) (đpcm)
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Yêu cầu 2:
\(P=a-\frac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{a-1}-\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{a-1}}{(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{a-1})(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{a-1})}=a-\frac{2\sqrt{a-1}}{a-(a-1)}=a-2\sqrt{a-1}\)
\(=(a-1)-2\sqrt{a-1}+1=(\sqrt{a-1}-1)^2\geq 0\) với mọi $a\geq 1$
Ta có đpcm.
Câu 2:
\( P = \dfrac{{a - b}}{{\sqrt a + \sqrt b }} + \dfrac{{a\sqrt a - b\sqrt b }}{{a + b + \sqrt {ab} }}\\ P = \dfrac{{\left( {\sqrt a - \sqrt b } \right)\left( {\sqrt a + \sqrt b } \right)}}{{\left( {\sqrt a + \sqrt b } \right)}} + \dfrac{{\left( {\sqrt a - \sqrt b } \right)\left( {a + \sqrt {ab} + b} \right)}}{{a + b + \sqrt {ab} }}\\ P= \sqrt a - \sqrt b + \sqrt a - \sqrt b \\ P = 2\sqrt a - 2\sqrt b \)
Câu 1:
\(a)\left( {3\sqrt {\dfrac{3}{5}} - \sqrt {\dfrac{5}{3}} + \sqrt 5 } \right)2\sqrt 5 + \dfrac{2}{3}\sqrt {75} \\
= 6\sqrt {\dfrac{{15}}{5}} - 2\sqrt {\dfrac{{25}}{3}} + 10 + \dfrac{{10\sqrt 3 }}{3}\\
= 6\sqrt 3 - \dfrac{{10}}{{\sqrt 3 }} + 10 + \dfrac{{10\sqrt 3 }}{3}\\
= 6\sqrt 3 - \dfrac{{10\sqrt 3 }}{3} + 10 + \dfrac{{10\sqrt 3 }}{3}\\
= 6\sqrt 3 + 10\\
b){\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)^2} - \sqrt {{{\left( {1 - \sqrt 3 } \right)}^2}} + \sqrt {{{\left( { - 3} \right)}^2}.3} \\
= 3 - 2\sqrt 3 + 1 - \sqrt 3 + 1 + \sqrt {{3^3}} \\
= 5 - 3\sqrt 3 + 3\sqrt 3 \\
= 5\)
a) Ta có: \(\frac{a-b}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}-\frac{\sqrt{a^3}-\sqrt{b^3}}{a-b}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}-\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a+\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}-\frac{a+\sqrt{ab}+b}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\)
\(=\frac{a+2\sqrt{ab}+b-a-\sqrt{ab}-b}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\)
b)Sửa đề: \(\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2-4\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}-\frac{a\sqrt{b}+b\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2-4\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}-\frac{a\sqrt{b}+b\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}-\frac{\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(=\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\)
\(=-2\sqrt{b}\)
c) Ta có: \(\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}-1}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\right):\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}-2}-\frac{\sqrt{a}+2}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}-\frac{\sqrt{a}-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\right):\left(\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}-\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}:\frac{a-1-a+4}{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\cdot\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{3}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{a}-2}{3\sqrt{a}}\)
d) Ta có: \(\left(\frac{a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}-\sqrt{ab}\right)\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}{a-b}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}-\sqrt{ab}\right)\left(\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b-\sqrt{ab}\right)\cdot\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a-2\sqrt{ab}+b\right)\cdot\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}=1\)
e) Ta có: \(\left(\frac{\sqrt{x}}{3+\sqrt{x}}+\frac{x+9}{9-x}\right):\left(\frac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{x-3\sqrt{x}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{\sqrt{x}\left(3-\sqrt{x}\right)}{\left(3+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{x}\right)}+\frac{x+9}{\left(3+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{x}\right)}\right):\left(\frac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}-\frac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{3\sqrt{x}+9}{\left(3+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{x}\right)}:\frac{3\sqrt{x}+1-\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\)
\(=\frac{3\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}{-\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\cdot\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}{2\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-3\sqrt{x}}{2\sqrt{x}+4}\)
\(a,\left(3\sqrt{\frac{3}{5}}-\sqrt{\frac{5}{3}}+\sqrt{5}\right)2\sqrt{5}+\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{75}\)
\(=6\sqrt{3}-\frac{10\sqrt{3}}{3}+10+\frac{10\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
\(=6\sqrt{3}+10\)
\(b,\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2-\sqrt{\left(1-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(-3\right)^2.3}\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{3}^2-2.\sqrt{3}.1+1^2\right)-|1-\sqrt{3}|+\sqrt{27}\)
\(=4-2\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}+1+3\sqrt{3}\)
\(=5\)
\(P=\frac{a-b}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}+\frac{a\sqrt{a}-b\sqrt{b}}{a+b+\sqrt{ab}}\left(a\ge0;b\ge0;a\ne b\right)\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}+\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a+\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}{a+b+\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(=\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\)
\(=2\sqrt{a}-2\sqrt{b}\)
a) \(\sqrt{75}-\sqrt{5\frac{1}{3}}+\frac{9}{2}\sqrt{2\frac{2}{3}}+2\sqrt{27}\)
\(=\sqrt{75}-\sqrt{\frac{16}{3}}+\frac{9}{2}\sqrt{\frac{8}{3}}+2\sqrt{27}\)
\(=5\sqrt{3}-\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}+3\sqrt{6}+6\sqrt{3}\)
\(=-\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}+5\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{6}+6\sqrt{3}\)
\(=-\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}+11\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{6}\)
\(=-\frac{4\sqrt{3}}{3}+11\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{6}\)
b) \(\sqrt{48}-\sqrt{5\frac{1}{3}}+2\sqrt{75}-5\sqrt{1\frac{1}{3}}\)
\(=\sqrt{48}-\sqrt{\frac{16}{3}}+2\sqrt{75}-5\sqrt{\frac{4}{3}}\)
\(=4\sqrt{3}-\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}+10\sqrt{3}-\frac{10}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=-\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{10}{\sqrt{3}}+4\sqrt{3}+10\sqrt{3}\)
\(=-\frac{14\sqrt{3}}{3}+4\sqrt{3}+10\sqrt{3}\)
\(=-\frac{14\sqrt{3}}{3}+14\sqrt{3}\)
c)\(\left(\sqrt{15}+2\sqrt{3}\right)^2+12\sqrt{5}\)
\(=27+12\sqrt{5}+12\sqrt{5}\)
\(=27+24\sqrt{5}\)
d)\(\left(\sqrt{6}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{6}+2-\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\)
e) \(\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2-2\sqrt{3}+4\)
\(=4+2\sqrt{3}-2\sqrt{3}+4\)
= 8
f) \(\frac{1}{7+4\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{7-4\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=\frac{7-4\sqrt{3}}{\left(7+4\sqrt{3}\right)\left(7-4\sqrt{3}\right)}+\frac{7+4\sqrt{3}}{\left(7+4\sqrt{3}\right)\left(7-4\sqrt{3}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{7-4\sqrt{3}+7+4\sqrt{3}}{\left(7+4\sqrt{3}\right)\left(7-4\sqrt{3}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{14}{\left(7+4\sqrt{3}\right)\left(7-4\sqrt{3}\right)}\)
= 14
a) \(2\sqrt{2}.\left(\sqrt{3}-2\right)+\left(1+2\sqrt{2}\right)^2-2\sqrt{6}=9\)
\(=2\sqrt{2}.\left(\sqrt{3}-2\right)+9+4\sqrt{2}-2\sqrt{6}\)
\(=2\sqrt{6}-4\sqrt{2}+9+4\sqrt{2}-2\sqrt{6}\)
= 9 (đpcm)
b) \(\sqrt{\sqrt{2}+1}-\sqrt{\sqrt{2}-1}=\sqrt{2\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{\sqrt{2}+1}-\sqrt{\sqrt{2}-1}=\sqrt{2^{\frac{1}{2}}\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{2\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}\) (đpcm)