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Lời giải:
Liên hợp ta thấy:
\(2(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})=2.\frac{(n+1)-n}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}<\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}(1)\)
\(2(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})=2.\frac{n-(n-1)}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}>\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}(2)\)
Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow 2(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})\)
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Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(S=1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}>1+2(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})+2(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3})+...+2(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{100})\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S>1+2(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{2})>18(*)\)
Và:
\(S< 1+2(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1})+2(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})+....+2(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99})\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S< 1+2(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{1})=19(**)\)
Từ $(*); (**)$ suy ra $18< S< 19$ (đpcm)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{2}{2\sqrt{n}}< \frac{2}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\\\frac{2}{2\sqrt{n}}>\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\end{cases}}\)
Từ đây ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{0}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+...+\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\sqrt{n}-0\right)=2\sqrt{n}\)
Tương tự ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}>2\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-1\right)>\sqrt{n}\)
Gọi \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=A\)là A
Có \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}>...>\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)
=> \(A>n.\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n}\)(1)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}< \frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}=2\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\)
Khi đó: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}< 2\left(\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{0}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}< 2\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)\)
...
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\)
=> \(A< 2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}+...+\sqrt{1}\right)\)
=> \(A< 2\sqrt{n}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(\sqrt{n}< A< 2\sqrt{n}\)
- Ta xét : \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}>\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(n+1\right)-n}=2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)< 2\sqrt{n+1}-2\)
- Ta xét : \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}< \frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}=\frac{2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)}{n-\left(n-1\right)}=2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)< 2\sqrt{n}\) ;