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\(a)\)
\(4x^2-y^2+2x+y\)
\(=\left(4x^2-y^2\right)+\left(2x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(2x-y\right)\left(2x+y\right)+\left(2x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(2x+y\right)\left(2x-y+1\right)\)
\(b)\)
\(x^3+2x^2-6x-27\)
\(=x^3+5x^2+9x-3x^2-15x-27\)
\(=x\left(x^2+5x+9\right)-3\left(x^2+5x-9\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+5-9\right)\)
\(c)\)
\(12x^3+4x^2-27x-9\)
\(=\left(12x^3+4x^2\right)-\left(27x+9\right)\)
\(=4x^2\left(3x+1\right)-9\left(3x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(3x+1\right)\left(4x^2-9\right)\)
\(=\left(3x+1\right)[\left(2x\right)^2-3^2]\)
\(=\left(3x+1\right)\left(2x-3\right)\left(2x+3\right)\)
\(d)\)
\(16x^2+4x-y^2+y^2\)
\(=16x^2+4x\)
\(4x\left(4x+1\right)\)
a,\(-4x^2+4x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(-2x-1\right)^2\)
b,\(\left(2x+1\right)^2-4\left(x-1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[2x+1-2\left(x-1\right)\right].\left[2x+1+2\left(x-1\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x+1-2x+2\right)\left(2x+1+2x-2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(4x-1\right)\)
c,\(\left(2x-y\right)^2-4x^2+12x-9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)^2-\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)^2-\left(2x-3\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y-2x+3\right)\left(2x+y+2x-3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(y+3\right)\left(4x+y-3\right)\)
d,\(\left(x+1\right)^2-4\left(x+1\right)y^2+4y^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2-2\left(x+1\right)2y^2+2^2y^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2-2\left(x+1\right)2y^2+4\left(y^2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2-2\left(x+1\right)-2y^2+\left(2y^2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1-2y^2\right)^2\)
a, 4x2 - 12x + 9
= (2x + 3)2
b, 9x4y3 + 3x2y4
= 3x2y3(3x2 + y)
c, ( x - 3 )2 - 2x ( x - 3 )
= (x - 3)(x - 3 - 2x)
= (x - 3)(-x - 3)
d, 3x ( x - 1 ) + 6 ( x - 1 )
= 3(x - 1)(x + 2)
e, 2x ( x + 1 ) - 4x - 4
= 2x(x + 1) - 4(x + 1)
= (x + 1)(2x - 4)
= 2(x + 1)(x - 2)
f, ( 2x - 3 )2 - 4x + 6
= (2x - 3)2 - 2(2x - 3)
= (2x - 3)(2x - 3 - 2)
= (2x - 3)(2x - 5)
Làm 2 câu các câu còn lại tương tự!
a, \(E=-x^2+4x-5=-\left(x^2-4x+5\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2x-2x+4+1\right)=-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2+1\right]\)
Với mọi giá trị của \(x\in R\) ta có:
\(\left(x-2\right)^2+1\ge1\Rightarrow-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2+1\right]\le-1\)
Hay \(E\le-1\) với mọi giá trị của \(x\in R\).
Để \(E=-1\) thì \(-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2+1\right]=-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=2\)
Vậy.............
b, \(F=-2x^2+2x-1=-\left(2x^2-2x+1\right)\)
\(=-\left(2x^2-x-x+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\)
\(=-\left[\left(2x-1\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{2}\right]\)
Với mọi giá trị của \(x\in R\) ta có:
\(\left(2x-1\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{2}\ge-\dfrac{3}{2}\Rightarrow-\left[\left(2x-1\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{2}\right]\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Hay \(F\le\dfrac{3}{2}\) với mọi giá trị của \(x\in R\).
Để \(F=\dfrac{3}{2}\) thì \(-\left[\left(2x-1\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{2}\right]=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x-1\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy.............
7, \(G=-4x^2+12x-7\)
\(=-4\left(x^2-3x+\dfrac{7}{4}\right)\)
\(=-4\left(x^2-\dfrac{3}{2}.x.2+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{2}{4}\right)\)
\(=-4\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+2\le2\)
Dấu " = " khi \(-4\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(MAX_G=2\) khi \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
8, \(H=-2x^2+4x-15\)
\(=-2\left(x^2-2x+\dfrac{15}{2}\right)\)
\(=-2\left(x^2-2x+1+\dfrac{13}{2}\right)\)
\(=-2\left(x-1\right)^2-13\le-13\)
Dấu " = " khi \(-2\left(x-1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
Vậy \(MAX_H=-13\) khi x = 1
9, \(K=-x^4+2x^2-2\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2x^2+1+1\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2-1\right)^2-1\le-1\)
Dấu " = " khi \(-\left(x^2-1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(MAX_K=-1\) khi \(x=\pm1\)
10, \(J=-3x^2+15x-9\)
\(=-3\left(x^2-\dfrac{5}{2}.x.2+\dfrac{10}{4}+\dfrac{2}{4}\right)\)
\(=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{2}\le\dfrac{-3}{2}\)
Dấu " = " khi \(-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
Vậy \(MAX_J=\dfrac{-3}{2}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
=(2x+1)^2-2(2x-3)(2x+1)+(4x^2-12x+9)
=(2x+1)^2-2(2x-3)(2x+1)+(2x-3)^2
=[(2x+1)-(2x-3)]^2
=(2x+1-2x+3)^2
=4^2=16
\(\left(2x+1\right)^2-2\left(2x-3\right)\left(2x+1\right)+4x^2-12x+9\)=\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2-2\left(2x+1\right)\left(2x-3\right)+\left(2x\right)^2-2.2x.3+3^2\)(ta thấy có dạng hằng đẳng thức \(A^2-2AB+B^2\))
\(=\left(\left(2x+1\right)-\left(2x-3\right)\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x+1-2x+3\right)^2\)
\(=4^2\)=16
(2x + y)2 - (2x - 3)2 = (2x + y - 2x + 3)(2x + y + 2x - 3) = (y + 3)(4x + y - 3)
\(\left(2x+y\right)^2-4x^2+12x-9\)
\(=\left(2x+y\right)^2-\left(2x-3\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x+y-2x+3\right)\left(2x+y+2x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(y+3\right)\left(4x+y-3\right)\)