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Bài 1: diendantoanhoc.net
Đặt \(a=\frac{1}{x};b=\frac{1}{y};c=\frac{1}{z}\) BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành
\(\frac{x}{\sqrt{3zx+2yz}}+\frac{x}{\sqrt{3xy+2xz}}+\frac{x}{\sqrt{3yz+2xy}}\ge\frac{3}{\sqrt{5}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{\sqrt{5z}\cdot\sqrt{3x+2y}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{5x}\cdot\sqrt{3y+2z}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{5y}\cdot\sqrt{3z+2x}}\ge\frac{3}{5}\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM và Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\( {\displaystyle \displaystyle \sum }\)\(_{cyc}\frac{x}{\sqrt{5z}\cdot\sqrt{3x+2y}}\ge2\)\( {\displaystyle \displaystyle \sum }\)\(\frac{x}{3x+2y+5z}\ge\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x\left(3x+2y+5z\right)+y\left(5x+3y+2z\right)+z\left(2x+5y+3z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+7\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+\frac{1}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+\frac{20}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+\frac{1}{3}\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+\frac{20}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{5\left[x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\right]}=\frac{3}{5}\)
Bổ sung bài 1:
BĐT được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a=b=c
1) \(21x^2+21y^2+z^2\)
\(=18\left(x^2+y^2\right)+z^2+3\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(\ge9\left(x+y\right)^2+z^2+3.2xy\)
\(\ge2.3\left(x+y\right).z+6xy\)
\(=6\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=6.13=78\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y ; 3(x+y) = z; xy + yz + zx= 13 <=> x = y = 1; z= 6
2) \(x+y+z=3xyz\)
<=> \(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}=3\)
Đặt: \(\frac{1}{x}=a;\frac{1}{y}=b;\frac{1}{z}=c\)=> ab + bc + ca = 3
Ta cần chứng minh: \(3a^2+b^2+3c^2\ge6\)
Ta có: \(3a^2+b^2+3c^2=\left(a^2+c^2\right)+2\left(a^2+c^2\right)+b^2\)
\(\ge2ac+\left(a+c\right)^2+b^2\ge2ac+2\left(a+c\right).b=2\left(ac+ab+bc\right)=6\)
Vậy: \(\frac{3}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{3}{z^2}\ge6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = c = \(\sqrt{\frac{3}{5}}\); \(b=2\sqrt{\frac{3}{5}}\)
khi đó: \(x=z=\sqrt{\frac{5}{3}};y=\sqrt{\frac{5}{3}}\)
a) Có \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2+x^2-2xy+y^2\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x+y\right|\le\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le x+y\le\sqrt{2}\)( đpcm )
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{\pm\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
b) Áp dụng bđt Cô-si :
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{xy}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\)
Chứng minh tương tự rồi cộng vế ta có :
\(2\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\)( đpcm )
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)
a) Theo BĐT Bunhiacopxki suy ra \(2=2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\)
Do đó suy ra \(-\sqrt{2}\le x+y\le\sqrt{2}\)
b) Đặt \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}=a;\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}=b;\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=c\)
Cần chứng minh \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2}{2}\ge0\) (đúng)
Xảy ra đẳng thức khi a = b = c hay x = y = z
Vì a,b,c là số thực dương nên \(\sqrt{a^2}=a;\sqrt{b^2}=b;\sqrt{c^2}\)=c. Vậy ta có
\(\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\)=\(\frac{a}{a+1}-1+\frac{b}{b+1}-1\)+\(\frac{c}{c+1}-1+3\)
=3-( \(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\)) =A
ta có bdt \(9\le\left(a+1+b+1+c+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\right)\)(dễ dàng chứng mình bằng bdt cosi).
=>\(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\ge\)\(\frac{9}{3+\sqrt{3}}\)=> A\(\le3-\frac{9}{3+\sqrt{3}}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{3+\sqrt{3}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt{3}+1}\)
dấu = khi a=b=c=\(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Bài 2:
Ta có: \(a,b>0\) nên: \(\Rightarrow ab\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\)
Lại có: \(\frac{x^3+8y^3}{x^3}=\left(1+\frac{2y}{x}\right)\left(1-\frac{2y}{x}+\frac{4y^2}{x^2}\right)\) \(\le\frac{\left(2x^2+4y^2\right)^2}{4x^4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{x^3}{x^3+8y^3}}\ge\frac{2x^2}{2x^2+4y^2}\)
Tương tự như trên ta có được: \(\sqrt{\frac{4y^3}{y^3+\left(x+y\right)^3}}\ge\frac{4y^2}{2y^2+\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
Lại có: \(\left(x+y\right)^2\le2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\) nên:
\(\Rightarrow2y^2+\left(x+y\right)^2\le2x^2+4y^2\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{4y^3}{y^3+\left(x+y\right)^3}}\ge\frac{4y^2}{2x^2+4y^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{x^3}{x^3+8y^3}}+\sqrt{\frac{4y^3}{y^3+\left(x+y\right)^3}}\ge\frac{2x^2}{2x^2+4y^2}+\frac{4y^2}{2x^2+4y^2}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow Min_P=1\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4y^2\left(x-y\right)^2=0\\\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x^2+xy+2y^2\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y\)
Ta có: \(xy\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\)(bđt cosi)
=> \(\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\ge4\) <=> \(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge16\) <=> \(x+y\ge4\)
CM bđt tương đương: \(\frac{1}{x+3}+\frac{1}{y+3}\le\frac{2}{5}\)
<=> \(\frac{5\left(x+3\right)+5\left(y+3\right)}{\left(y+3\right)\left(y+3\right)}\le2\)
<=> \(2\left(xy+3x+3y+9\right)\ge5x+5y+30\)
<=> \(2.4+6\left(x+y\right)+18-5\left(x+y\right)-30\ge0\)
<=> \(x+y-4\ge0\) (vì x + y \(\ge\)4)
<=> \(4-4\ge0\) (Luôn đúng)
=> ĐPCM