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a.
\(\frac{x^2}{4}+x+3=\frac{x^2}{4}+x+1+2=\left(\frac{x}{2}+1\right)^2+2>0;\forall x\)
b.
\(A=-3x^2+2x-5=-3\left(x^2-2.\frac{1}{3}x+\frac{1}{9}\right)-\frac{14}{3}=-3\left(x-\frac{1}{3}\right)^2-\frac{14}{3}\le-\frac{14}{3}\)
\(A_{max}=-\frac{14}{3}\) khi \(x=\frac{1}{3}\)
c.
Đề thiếu (để ý 2 số hạng cuối)
\(A=x^4-2x^3+x^2+3x^2-6x+3-1\)
\(=\left(x^2-x\right)^2+3\left(x-1\right)^2-1\ge-1\)
\(A_{min}=-1\) khi \(x=1\)
d.
\(27x^2-\frac{9}{2}x+\frac{3}{16}=3\left(9x^2-\frac{3}{2}x+\frac{1}{16}\right)=3\left(3x-\frac{1}{4}\right)^2\)
e.
\(=\left[\left(b+c\right)+a\right]^2+\left[\left(b+c\right)-a\right]^2+\left[a-\left(b-c\right)\right]^2+\left[a+\left(b-c\right)\right]^2\)
\(=2\left(b+c\right)^2+2a^2+2a^2+2\left(b-c\right)^2\)
\(=4a^2+2b^2+4bc+2c^2+2b^2-4bc+2c^2\)
\(=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
f.
\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2+d^2\right)=a^2c^2+b^2d^2+a^2d^2+b^2c^2\)
\(=\left(a^2c^2+b^2d^2+2ac.bd\right)+\left(a^2d^2+b^2c^2-2ad.bc\right)\)
\(=\left(ac+bd\right)^2+\left(ad-bc\right)^2\)
áp dụng bđt cauchy-shwarz dạng engel
\(\text{ Σ}_{cyc}\frac{a^2}{b+c}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\)\(=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Ta có hđt \(\text{ Σ}_{cyc}a^3-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
Mà a+b+c khác 0 nên a = b = c
\(\Rightarrow N=1\)
2/ Ta có \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)+6\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)\ge8\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ad+d^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bd+d^2\right)+\left(c^2-2cd+d^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(a-d\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2+\left(c-d\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Vậy bđt ban đầu được chứng minh.
a)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+m^2-a(b+c+d+m)\)
\(=\frac{4a^2+4b^2+4c^2+4d^2+4m^2-4a(b+c+d+m)}{4}\)
\(=\frac{(a^2+4b^2-4ab)+(a^2+4c^2-4ac)+(a^2+4d^2-4ad)+(a^2+4m^2-4am)}{4}\)
\(=\frac{(a-2b)^2+(a-2c)^2+(a-2d)^2+(a-2m)^2}{4}\geq 0\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=2b=2c=2d=2m\)
b)
Xét hiệu
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}-\frac{4}{x+y}=\frac{x+y}{xy}-\frac{4}{x+y}=\frac{(x+y)^2-4xy}{xy(x+y)}\)
\(=\frac{x^2+y^2-2xy}{xy(x+y)}=\frac{(x-y)^2}{xy(x+y)}\geq 0, \forall x,y>0\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\geq \frac{4}{x+y}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y$
c)
Xét hiệu:
\((a^2+c^2)(b^2+d^2)-(ab+cd)^2\)
\(=(a^2b^2+a^2d^2+c^2b^2+c^2d^2)-(a^2b^2+2abcd+c^2d^2)\)
\(=a^2d^2-2abcd+b^2c^2=(ad-bc)^2\geq 0\)
\(\Rightarrow (a^2+c^2)(b^2+d^2)\geq (ab+cd)^2\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(ad=bc\)
d)
Xét hiệu:
\(a^2+b^2-(a+b-\frac{1}{2})=a^2+b^2-a-b+\frac{1}{2}\)
\(=(a^2-a+\frac{1}{4})+(b^2-b+\frac{1}{4})\)
\(=(a-\frac{1}{2})^2+(b-\frac{1}{2})^2\geq 0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\geq a+b-\frac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Câu a:
\(A=x^2-4x+1=(x^2-4x+4)-3\)
\(=(x-2)^2-3\geq 0-3=-3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $(x-2)^2=0$ hay $x=2$
Vậy GTNN của $A$ là $-3$ khi $x=2$
Câu b:
\(B=5-8x-x^2=21-(x^2+8x+16)\)
\(=21-(x+4)^2\leq 21-0=21\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $(x+4)^2=0$ hay $x=-4$
Vậy GTLN của $B$ là $21$ khi $x=-4$
Câu c:
\(C=5x-x^2=-(x^2-5x)=\frac{25}{4}-(x^2-5x+\frac{5^2}{2^2})\)
\(=\frac{25}{4}-(x-\frac{5}{2})^2\leq \frac{25}{4}-0=\frac{25}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \((x-\frac{5}{2})^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{5}{2}\)
Vậy GTLN của $C$ là $\frac{25}{4}$ khi $x=\frac{5}{2}$
Câu d:
\(D=(x-1)(x+3)(x+2)(x+6)=[(x-1)(x+6)][(x+3)(x+2)]\)
\(=(x^2+5x-6)(x^2+5x+6)\)
\(=(x^2+5x)^2-6^2=(x^2+5x)^2-36\geq 0-36=-36\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \((x^2+5x)^2=0\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=0\\ x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy GTNN của $D$ là $-36$ khi $x=0$ hoặc $x=-5$
Bài 2,
\(B=x^2-3x+5\)
\(=\left(x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)+\dfrac{11}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{4}\ge\dfrac{11}{4}\forall x\)
Vậy : Min B = \(\dfrac{11}{4}\) khi \(x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(c,x^2-x+6=\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{23}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{23}{4}\ge\dfrac{23}{4}\forall x\)
vậy Min C = \(\dfrac{23}{4}\) khi \(x-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(d,M=4x^2-4x+4=\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)+3\)
\(=\left(2x-1\right)^2+3\forall x\)
vậy Min M = 3 khi \(2x-1=0\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(e,x^2-x=\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\ge-\dfrac{1}{4}\forall x\)
vậy Min N = \(-\dfrac{1}{4}\) khi \(x-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)